1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was n ecessary to say.
2. 强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. “All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.
5. “something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相当于“to some extent”,表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为“anything of ”,可译为“有点”,“略微等。”译为毫无“,”全无“。”much of“译为”大有“,”not much of“可译为”算不上“,”称不上“,”little of“可译为”几乎无“。something like译为”有点像,略似。“
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father”,可译为:“她那骗子般的父亲”。 Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as„as„can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. “It is in(with)„as in(with)” It is in life as in a journey.
9. “as good as„”相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.“many as well„as”和“might as well „as” “many as well„as”可译为“与其„„,不如„„,更好”,“以这样做„„为宜”,“如同„„,也可以„„”等等。“might as well „as”表示不可能的事,可译为“犹如„„”,“可与„„一样荒唐”,“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.“to make„of”的译法(使„„成为„„,把„„当作) I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo„+不定式“,not(never)too„+不定式”,“too„not+不定式 She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too „to do so “和”too ready (apt) + to do“结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是”not“,”all“but等字后+”too„to,“不定式都失去了否定意义,在”too ready(apt) +to do“结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. “no more „than„”句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. “not so much„as”和“not so much as „”结构,“not so much„as”=“not so much as „”,其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为:“与其说是„„毋须说是„„”。而“not so much as”=“without(not)even,”可译为“甚至„„还没有”。 The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16. “Nothing is more„than”和“Nothing is so „as”结构,“Nothing is more„than”和“Nothing is so „as”都具有最高级比较的意思,“Nothing I”可换用“no”,“nobody”,“nowhere”,“little”,“few”,“hardly”,“scarcely”等等,可译为“没有„„比„„更为”,“像„„再没有了”,“最„„”等。 Nothing is more precious than time.
17. “cannot„too„”结构,“cannot„too„”意为“It is impossible to overdo„”或者,即“无论怎样„„也不算过分”。“not”可换用“hardly”,“scarcely”等,“too”可换用“enough”,“sufficient”等 You cannot be too careful.
18. “否定+but ”结构,在否定词后面的“but”,具有“which not”,“who not”,“that not”,等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成“没有„„不是”或“„„都„„”等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. “否定+until (till)”结构,在否定词“no”,“not”,“never”,“little”,“few”,“seldom”等的后边所接用的“until/till”,多数情况下译为“直到„„才„„”,“要„„才„„”,把否定译为肯定。 Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. “not so„but”和“not such a „but”结构,这两个结构和“否定+but”的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的“but”是含有“that„not”意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为“还没有„„到不能做„„的程度”,“并不是„„不„„”,“无论怎样„„也不是不能„„”等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. “疑问词+should„but ”结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为“none„but”,可译为“除了„„还有谁会„„”,“岂料”,“想不到„„竟是„„”等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. “who knows but (that)„”和“who could should„but”结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为“多半”,“亦未可知”等等,有时也可直译。 Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. “祈使句+and”和“祈使句+or”结构,“祈使句+and”表示“If„you„”,“祈使名+or”表示“if„not„,you.
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. 24. “名词+and”结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. “as„,so„”结构,这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。